Oystermouth Castle
Located on the eastern side of the Gower Peninsula, near the lovely village of Mumbles, Oystermouth Castle stands tall and majestic, providing stunning views of the picturesque Swansea Bay.
Dating back to the Norman era, this stone fortress has witnessed numerous changes throughout history, ranging from conquests and renovations to decline and restorations.
Table of Contents:
Roots in the Norman Conquest
The origins of Oystermouth Castle can be traced back to the aftermath of the Norman conquest of Gower in 1106. William de Londres, a Norman lord, was the founder of the first castle on the site. However, the Welsh of Deheubarth reclaimed Gower in 1116, leading to the destruction of the original castle. Despite setbacks, the castle was reconstructed, only to encounter further devastation in 1137 when Gower fell once again under the control of the Princes of Deheubarth.
The fortunes of Oystermouth Castle changed hands multiple times over the centuries. In the 13th century, the powerful de Braose family took control and rebuilt the castle in stone. The castle saw prosperity and additions, including a chapel, basements, and three-storey residential buildings. Oystermouth became the principal residence for the de Braose family, and even Edward I visited in December 1284.
By 1331, the castle’s importance dwindled, and it passed through the hands of various noble families – from the de Mowbrays to the Herberts and eventually the Somersets, who became the Dukes of Beaufort.
From Ruin to Restoration
As the Middle Ages waned, Oystermouth Castle fell into ruin. A survey in 1650 described it as an “old decayed castle of no use.” However, the 18th century brought a picturesque portrayal in art, and in the 1840s, under the ownership of the Duke of Beaufort, the castle underwent restoration by George Grant Francis.
In 1927, the Duke of Beaufort generously handed over the castle to Swansea Corporation. Today, the City and County of Swansea council is responsible for its maintenance.
During the 2000s, Oystermouth Castle underwent a significant restoration. After a £1 million refurbishment in 2011, it reopened to the public with new and improved visitor facilities, better access, and an educational space. One of the notable features of the restoration is a remarkable 30-foot high glass viewing platform and bridge that leads to Alina’s Chapel.
Notable Features and Discoveries
Oystermouth Castle is a historical landmark that boasts some unique characteristics. The chapel, which is located on the second floor of the chapel block, has 14th-century traceried windows that are a sight to behold. Recently, during conservation work, remnants of an ornate medieval painting from the 14th century were discovered, giving us a glimpse into the castle’s rich artistic history.
The castle’s gatehouse is also an interesting architectural feature, with curved walls on either side, suggesting plans for two round towers that may or may not have been realised.
Strategic Location and Defensive Design
Oystermouth Castle’s strategic location played a vital role in its construction. Positioned on high ground overlooking Swansea Bay, it offered a defensive advantage against both land and sea attacks. The castle’s placement on the western ridge provided a solid foundation, while the eastern ridge, although offering a better view of the sea, lacked a suitable water supply for a sustained siege.
Castle Network in Gower
Oystermouth Castle was not the only fortress strategically positioned in Gower. In response to Welsh rebellion and attacks, a network of castles, including Loughor Castle, Swansea Castle, Pennard Castle, Penrice Castle, Oxwich Castle, and Weobley Castle, was established. Each castle served a unique purpose, collectively ensuring Norman control over the region.
The Evolution of Oystermouth Castle
The construction of Oystermouth Castle reflected the changing dynamics of the region. Initially a wooden motte and bailey castle from the 11th to the 13th centuries, it transitioned into a stone fortress by the 13th century. The slow development can be attributed to the constant attacks on the castle, with records indicating burning and rebuilding.
Military features such as curtain walls, a bailey, and a rectangular keep were added over time. A drawbridge, suggested by holes above the entrance, hints at an unusual yet effective defensive mechanism. As Oystermouth Castle entered the 14th century, it saw further reinforcement of its gateway, the construction of a chapel, and the addition of watchtowers.
A Glimpse into History Through Oystermouth Castle
Oystermouth Castle stands today as not just a historic monument but a testament to Wales’ rich and complex past. From its Norman roots to periods of decline and eventual restoration, the castle offers visitors a captivating journey through time. The ongoing efforts to preserve and showcase this architectural gem ensure that Oystermouth Castle continues to be a beacon of history in the picturesque landscapes of Swansea Bay.